fear of flies
the guys over at USS Mariner and Lookout Landing ran a little outfield-defense study the last couple of days, tag-team style; i learned about it over at Tango's blog. the USSM crew counted up the number of putouts by mariner outfielders, year by year, during the 2000s; Lookout Landing counted up the number of flyballs in play year by year going back to 2003, then plugged in the putout data to determined the percentage of flyballs that were turned into outs. not very complicated, but somewhat revealing: the Ms' conversion rate on flyballs has dropped like a stone over the last 5 years.
the cards' terrible outfield defense was one of the biggest (but least recognized) stories of 2007; see the little table at the bottom of this post for a sense of how inept the flycatchers were. even edmonds had a bad year with the glove; john dewan's plus/minus system listed jed as the second-worst centerfielder in the nl. the USSM/LL study was easy to replicate, so i did it using slightly different methodology. Lookout Landing got its ball-in-play data from retrosheet, using a perl search script; i (being lazier and bereft of programming skills) relied on Baseball Info Solutions' gb/fb/ld breakdowns, which are easily accessible over at fangraphs. the putout figures come straight from Baseball Reference and are pretty standard; even sabr-haters consider putouts a legitimate stat. i only went back 3 years, also on account of laziness --- but 2005 gets us back to the days when the outfield defense was (whether judged via the stat sheet or the naked eye) pretty damn good. compare:
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| flyballs | 1320 | 1548 | 1746 |
| homers | 153 | 193 | 168 |
| playable flyballs | 1167 | 1355 | 1578 |
| of putouts | 908 | 995 | 1052 |
| outs per playable fb | .778 | .734 | .667 |
zounds.
two years ago they caught 78 percent of the flyballs in play; last year, only 67 percent. that's a stunning dropoff. but it's believable when you consider how the personnel have changed. the 4 outfielders with the most innings afield in 2005 were edmonds (who won a gold glove, his last, that year), larry walker (a 7-time gold glover), reggie sanders, and so taguchi; last year they were the post-foot-surgery edmonds, chris duncan, juan encarnacion, and ryan ludwick. of the latter 4, only ludwick scored above average on the metrics last year.
how many runs did this cost? let's just rough it out --- nothing too fancy here, and no claims of precision. first of all, let's tally the number of flyballs that would have been caught by a competent defense. obviously the 2005 outfield was far more than competent; it's not realistic to use a 78 percent conversion rate as our standard. i could just split the difference and use the 2006 conversion rate; that's the median in our little sample. here, let's try that out:
| flyballs | % caught | outs | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 actual | 1578 | .667 | 1052 |
| 2007 hypothetical | 1578 | .734 | 1158 |
that's 106 flyballs the 2007 outfield missed that the 2006 outfield theoretically would have caught. even if we assume that every one of the missed flyballs became only a single --- and surely many of them would become doubles, and a handful would be triples --- the cost of those 106 uncaught balls would be nearly 80 runs. if we factor in extra-base hits, the cost inflates to well over 100 runs. is that plausible? maybe. don't forget, the cards' run yield in 2007 (829 runs) was the 3d worst in franchise history --- and we can't blame the inflation on a high homerun total (the cards were average in that regard last year, 8th in the nl) nor a high walk total (the cards allowed the nl's 5th-lowest total). that leaves only one way to explain the increase in runs --- a hell of a lot of balls in play didn't get turned into outs.
now, was the failure to catch all those balls entirely the fault of the fielders? surely not. first of all, as the first table above shows, the outfielders had more flyballs to chase last year than in either of the two previous years --- an increase of 200 over 2006 and nearly 400 over 2005. here's the percentage breakdown by ball-in-play type:
| 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| flyball % | .272 | .313 | .352 |
| groundball % | .525 | .483 | .451 |
| line drive% | .203 | .204 | .196 |
if the pitcher throws a meatball and the hitter scorches a line drive into gap, you can't blame the fielder for failing to run over and catch it. st louis pitchers threw plenty of meatballs last year; we all saw it, and the increased flyball rate indirectly confirms it. so i wouldn't blame the fielders entirely --- but i wouldn't blame the pitchers entirely either. the pitching staff's aggregate rate of line drives allowed was lower last year (19.6 percent) than in either 2006 (20.4 percent) or 2005 (20.3 percent), which suggests that the spike in runs allowed isn't entirely related to lousy pitching. the moundsmen got hit harder last year, but not that much harder --- if they were really that terrible, we'd expect a high line-drive rate and a high home run rate, and last year's staff didn't exhibit either of those symptoms.
it stands to reason that a least some of the balls that weren't caught could and should have been caught. how many? let's make a modest assumptions. suppose the cards allow flyballs at the same rate as last year, but the defenders catch 70 percent of the flyballs instead of merely 67. how many runs would that save? let's see:
| flyballs | % caught | outs | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 actual | 1578 | .667 | 1052 |
| 2007 hypothetical | 1578 | .700 | 1105 |
a 70 percent conversion rate would eliminate 53 singles, doubles, and triples and turn them into outs. that's a savings of about 50 runs --- 5 wins in the standings. was the outfield defense really so bad that it cost the team 5 or more wins last year? no doubt about it.
so how likely is it that they can increase their conversion rate accordingly? that really depends on who plays. if juan gone makes the team and gets innings out there, the percentage of balls caught might well go down. we probably shouldn't expect much improvement from duncan; he won't be playing with a sports hernia this year, which might help a bit, but he'll always just be a first baseman doing his best to survive out there. ankiel is still a mystery; he did ok last year but is still learning, and he's better in center field than in right. ludwick's good, but he already played more than half the time last year and isn't likely to get substantially more time this season.
the only guy likely to make a real impact, imho, is colby rasmus. by all accounts he's a plus defender; flank him with ludwick and ankiel and you'd have a pretty tight outfield D.
but don't take that to mean that i'm in favor of making rasmus the opening-day CF. i'm still leaning against that idea because i think a premature promotion might set the kid back. but i could be persuaded otherwise if he has a good spring and exhibits an ability to recognize pitches, make adjustments, take the ball the other way when that's what the pitcher gives him. given the likely benefits of his glove, he'd probably only have to hit .250 / .325 / .425 or thereabouts to make a big impact.
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comments
Comments
Gad!
To think the outfield defense alone cost us five wins boggles the mind.
by arch support on Mar 4, 2008 9:13 AM EST 0 recs
Why no love for Barton?
by cardzfanbub on Mar 4, 2008 9:16 AM EST 0 recs
Larry - excellent stuff my man.
JuanG in the outfield is a scary proposition, really - considering he'd likely be a step DOWN from JuanE.
So what is everyone's prediction on the outfield situation in terms of playing time?
Here's mine:
LF: Duncan/Ludwick platoon (vs. LHP/RHP)
CF: Ankiel plays full-time, gets spelled by Ludwick at times. Colby comes up mid-season or so and takes over - the rest is history.
RF: Juan Gone is opening day starter. Skippy Schu is traded, Barton spells Juan off the bench.
by silent_bob on Mar 4, 2008 9:45 AM EST 0 recs
obviously
by silent_bob on
Mar 4, 2008 9:51 AM EST
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I still say a prayer everyday
by giveml on
Mar 4, 2008 9:53 AM EST
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I think....
by sdelek on
Mar 4, 2008 10:24 AM EST
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That really doesn't make sense...
A more interesting scenario would be a platoon of Duncan/Gonzalez in left, Ankiel or Rasmus in CF, and Ludwick or Ankiel in right, the last two depending on whether Colby makes the team or not. If he doesn't you have this:
*Duncan(RHP)Gonzalez(LHP) - LF
*Ankiel - CF
*Ludwick - RF
Duncan mashes RHP (.287.375/.569 - .944 OPS), and Gonzalez mashes LHP (.321/.375/.602 - .977 OPS) so offensively that would be fantastic. It also minimizes the damage done by the two worst OF by platooning them. Tony loves to double-switch in the late innings, so a platoon works out well there too, not to mention that Gonzalez would probably be better suited by not playing every day. Barton or Schu fills the Taguchi role of spot starter or defensive replacement as the 5th OF. If Colby makes the club you have this:
*Duncan(RHP)/Gonzalez(LHP) - LF
*Rasmus - CF
*Ankiel - RF
That's a much better defensive scenario simply because Ankiel has a cannon in right and will get better at the position the more he plays it, Rasmus provides plus defense in center, and we still get to minimize damage and maximize offense with the platoon in LF. In this scenario I think Ludwick becomes the Taguchi type with Schu getting traded or sent down and Barton getting sent back to the Indians unless the team can find a way to keep him.
by fourstick on
Mar 4, 2008 10:38 AM EST
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Good research
by silent_bob on
Mar 4, 2008 11:29 AM EST
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Duncan needs to be traded!
by silent_bob on
Mar 4, 2008 12:00 PM EST
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Duncan
I really like Ludwick too, but I don't think he's going to put up a .900 OPS like Duncan has shown that he can do when he's healthy. I actually really like the idea of him coming off the bench with Rasmus starting in CF. That gives Tony a good bat and glove coming off of the bench in the late innings and a pinch hitter with some pop to replace the Speezer. His absolutely putrid hitting off of lefties is troublesome unless every game is managed by Dusty Baker who doesn't read statistics.
by fourstick on
Mar 4, 2008 12:20 PM EST
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another way to look at it.
Regardless of who is in CF the defense should improve a little, and I think a full season of Ludwick or Ankiel in right would be an upgrade over Juan E.
by fourstick on
Mar 4, 2008 12:27 PM EST
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Endorsement
If Rasmus keeps playing as he is today, he could very well end up on the team come April. If he earns it, I've got no problem with it. I seem to recall a certain minor leaguer named Albert who ended up on the team unexpectedly early several years ago, and that seems to have worked out.
Juan Gone is hitting very well so far, which makes the Duncun/Gonzalez split very appealing too.
This could be a sound approach.
by Titus Pullo on
Mar 4, 2008 3:06 PM EST
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new stadium factor
The new vs. old dimensions are as follows:
new old
LF 336 330
LC 375 372
C 400 402
RC 375 372
RF 335 330
Its not dramatic but the larger size coupled with less familarity might have taken away several putouts.
by The Hou of Red on Mar 4, 2008 9:57 AM EST 0 recs
very nice post
by sportsman on Mar 4, 2008 10:00 AM EST 0 recs
Rasmus
by eglasier on Mar 4, 2008 10:16 AM EST 0 recs
I've been saying the same
by RedbirdRay on
Mar 4, 2008 10:20 AM EST
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Colby
by ICbirdfan on
Mar 4, 2008 10:50 AM EST
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but
by eglasier on
Mar 4, 2008 11:15 AM EST
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I get it.
If you are a team like the Marlins I think arb clock is very importants. We all know that the Marlins have zero intention of ever signing guys to long term deals, so in the Marlins case it's extremely important not to start the clock too early. Now STL will give guys slight raises each year just like Albert and they finally decide we might as well give him some big money now, which really isn't that big of money by the time the deal is done.
I understand there are a lot of reasons to not bring Colby up right away but I think taking about starting the arb clock early is not the main one. I see it as more of a small market concern or a concern if you think the guy may not make it.
by ICbirdfan on
Mar 4, 2008 12:11 PM EST
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50 more balls...
What sort of overall improvement do we need to actually challenge this year? It seems that no-one gives the Cards a chance because there has been no drastic improvement in any one area of weakness.
I'm no expert sabr man and wouldn't know what to look at, but if the starting pitching improves a little bit on last year's numbers, the infield defense improves a little on last year's numbers, the offense creates an extra 50 runs and the outfield defense catches an extra 50 balls then is 15 extra wins too far out of reach?
by realbrit70 on Mar 4, 2008 10:18 AM EST 0 recs
Huge ifs
The other trouble with this rationale is it assumes other teams are static. The Brewers also had awful defense and very young players. They shored up the defensive problems by adding Cameron and moving Braun from third...additionally, the young players project to get better with normal age lines (like Corey Hart).
The Cubs also look to be better.
by RedbirdRay on
Mar 4, 2008 10:26 AM EST
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the other factor, realbrit
by lboros on
Mar 4, 2008 10:37 AM EST
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I don't want to beat a dead horse, but......
Based on runs, yes we should have had a bad record, but we spent a lot of innings watching Jiminez and his cohorts at the back of the bullpen get shelled in games that were forgone conclusions. Instead of losing 5-1, we were getting beat 13-2. I think someone related that to spiking our pythagorean losses.
by Eckstreem on
Mar 4, 2008 12:10 PM EST
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Yes, last year we did match the profile
by Valatan on
Mar 4, 2008 1:07 PM EST
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Thanks Val!
by Eckstreem on
Mar 4, 2008 2:36 PM EST
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Beating our pythagorean record = good thing.
It's just that the second outweighs the first.
I know, I know, I'm being pedantic.
by lordsummer on
Mar 4, 2008 3:18 PM EST
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another factor
Hypothetically: let's say that '08 Juan Pierre and '08 Rick Ankiel play the same # of innings in CF and have the exact same range and glove skills. more than likely Slick Rick would have several more OF assists that Pierre. But there is no doubt that Ankiel's cannon displays from -07 will discourage many runners from even attempting to run in '08. Pierre's reputation would have the opposite effect.
All other defensive measure being the same, the reputation of Rick's arm makes him a better outfielder.
by _pistol_ on Mar 4, 2008 11:55 AM EST 0 recs
thanks, lboros
Add to the weak outfield defense the terrible year turned in up the middle by Eck, Kennedy, and Miles and you get the #1 culprit for last season's disappointing record.Let's hope Izturis returns to his gold-glove form.
by vinniefromjersey on Mar 4, 2008 12:53 PM EST 0 recs
I also think that analysis
by easy on
Mar 4, 2008 5:29 PM EST
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SHHHH!
by lordsummer on
Mar 4, 2008 3:20 PM EST
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Great piece of analysis
- I wonder if our terrible outfield defense put additional stress on Dave Duncan last year, trying to continue to preach the low stuff to a guy like Anthony Reyes (35% GB rate), taking away his high fastball, saying that "it would get creamed at this level." Given this defense behind the pitcher, it's hard to argue. Between Reyes, Wellemeyer (40%), Maroth (42%) and to a lesser extent Pineiro (45%), he had to be eating his hat all year long.
- The Brewers are making the biggest transformation to their outfield defense in the division, moving the lead-gloved Braun to left and signing Mike Cameron to play center. How this plays out for them could very well decide the division.
by taiko on Mar 4, 2008 1:16 PM EST 0 recs
Wow
by TICY on Mar 4, 2008 1:31 PM EST 0 recs
Not that bad really
by StLHugo on
Mar 4, 2008 2:01 PM EST
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Ugh
by Titus Pullo on
Mar 4, 2008 2:04 PM EST
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Whammy.
by Hardcore Legend on
Mar 4, 2008 2:05 PM EST
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60 pitches in 2 innings
by Hardcore Legend on
Mar 4, 2008 2:10 PM EST
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Obviously, Reyes did not impress anyone
I can only guess that his location was way off today.
by Titus Pullo on
Mar 4, 2008 2:11 PM EST
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Well, I wouldn't say it was OFF, exactly.
by MdRedbirdFreak on
Mar 4, 2008 2:47 PM EST
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Rasmus 2 out RBI
by StLHugo on Mar 4, 2008 2:06 PM EST 0 recs
error
by birdsonthebat on
Mar 4, 2008 2:34 PM EST
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Ah, the sound of baseball
by thisgirllovesbaseball on Mar 4, 2008 2:09 PM EST 0 recs
I like
by cardsgirl95 on
Mar 4, 2008 2:32 PM EST
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;o)
woohoo, Rasmus HR as I type!!!
by thisgirllovesbaseball on
Mar 4, 2008 2:53 PM EST
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Infield Defense
Our pitching was bad last year, but the defense caused it to be really bad.
My offseason priority for this club was to improve defensively. They will probably be slightly better in 2008.
by Elvis on Mar 4, 2008 2:28 PM EST 0 recs
Colby Scrapmus
by Hardcore Legend on Mar 4, 2008 2:53 PM EST 0 recs
He's looking awful
by Hardcore Legend on
Mar 4, 2008 3:06 PM EST
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How are you seeing the game?
by paCardsFan on
Mar 4, 2008 3:42 PM EST
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Listening
by Hardcore Legend on
Mar 4, 2008 3:53 PM EST
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Relax, man.
by jillsinmo on
Mar 4, 2008 3:58 PM EST
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Thought
by liam on
Mar 4, 2008 11:01 PM EST
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Well,
by Alxfritz on
Mar 4, 2008 11:07 PM EST
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I damn near pissed myself laughing
by BTown Birds fan on
Mar 4, 2008 11:25 PM EST
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I like that "gritty" thing.
by MdRedbirdFreak on
Mar 4, 2008 3:45 PM EST
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'Sblood.
In all, a very good and illuminating post.
by Youneverknow on Mar 4, 2008 6:44 PM EST 0 recs
Cards OF Defense 2005 vs. 2007
It is similarly evident from looking at the DYNASTY League Baseball range ratings for the Cardinals defense in 2005 and 2007. Every 2005 position had a better Range rating than in 2007.
Edmonds defensive stats improved the later half of the season as he started to get his legs back otherwise there would have been an even greater falloff.
2005 Range ratings:
lf Sanders C+
lf Taguchi A
cf Edmonds A+
rf Walker B
2007 Range ratings:
lf Duncan C
lf Taguchi B+
cf Edmonds B+
rf Encarnacion C+
rf Ludwick B
by DYNASTYLeagueBaseballMike on Mar 4, 2008 7:14 PM EST 0 recs
bad news...
Today was my first time seeing him, and might not be indicative of his overall skill, but he just wasn't good today. he caught two balls that I remember, and was extremely slow to move and took poor routes to both- one of them looked like an easy fly ball and he made it look like an exceptional catch because he didn't start going back until the ball was well past second base. He only had to move maybe 30 feet and it almost burned him. Also, at least two balls fell in front of him today that should have been caught- one on Mora's double in the first or second inning, which Mora could have had a triple on except that he didn't run out of the box because he thought it would be caught (it landed maybe 75 feet from the fence and rolled to the wall), and the second on a short pop up that screwed Mortenson, allowing 2 runs to score with 2 outs. From his "hustle" I felt like I was watching a California surf version of Juan Enc. Except that Colby's from alabama. So maybe a dukes of hazard juan encarnacion...
The other thing i noticed was that he seems to have a sense of entitlement. In general not hustling, walking to CF instead of running, hanging out with the veterans/coaches instead of the memphis guys, etc. On one ground ball he hit the first baseman dove and colby thought he was going to make the play, so he stopped running and actually turned back towards the dugout. The 1B booted it and he was almost caught 3-4-1 because he didn't hustle. He certainly didn't look like a guy trying to make the big league team. Ryan, Haerther, etc were all sprinting to their positions, acting like they wanted to be there, taking extra fielding practice, etc. Not colby. He just looked bored. i really had my hopes up and now am pretty upset; hope he gets his head on straight. I actually think he needs to start at springfield as an ego-stomp.
On the other hand, the HR he hit was legit. The wind was blowing in from RF at 20+ mph, and the ball was gone off the bat (and he knew it, and he watched it, and people in the stands noticed- grizzly old florida dude (in the purple flowered shirt) sitting next to me said something like "better watch out next time up, kid")...
Anyway, other miscellany: east coast time sucks (esp for a west coaster) but we still got there way early and watched BP. B Ryan shaved his head and looks incredibly goofy, Juan Gone tried to bunt 4 times in a row and couldn't get one down in BP, hoffpauir is half the size of aaron miles, but TLR paid extra attention to both his batting and fielding practice. he looked awesome in the field, not so good at the bat. yadi hit 3 HR's in a row to LF in BP, iz2 couldn't get one out of the infield in BP, haerther and TLR got into a verbal argument during BP and TLR threw his hat down and stormed off, and everyone on the field stopped what they were doing when Marti's BP turn came. Was weird. Oh, and phelps KILLED the ball in bp. can't catch a thing at 1B though.
In the game: first pitch Gonzalez saw was fouled about 500 feet down the 3B line. Then he doubled down the line, yawn. Barton has a noodle arm and is apparently incapable of hitting a cutoff man. His arm cost at least one run today. Ryan made an incredible reverse backhand play on a ball that took a ridiculous bad hop off the edge of the grass- he was very obviously the best defensive man on the field today, on either team, but he also had at least one case where his head wasn't in the game (Reyes had someone easily picked off second and ryan didn't cover to take the throw). Mather got picked off first twice and somehow didn't get out, once because the 2B dropped the ball and can't remember the second.
Was also my first time seeing the youngsters pitch. Reyes was bizarre- he looked like an ace for 5-6 pitches and then looked like he had nothing for 5-6 pitches. He had some kind of breaking pitch that was incredible, but he only threw it twice, both times for called strikes. One of the sharpest breaks I've ever seen on a pitch. His fastball got crushed though. Mortenson looked awesome but had bad defense behind him, IE phelps/mather can't play 1B and Colby can't play CF (sorry). Motte was incredible. FWIW there were scouts there from 4 teams, apparently just to watch him. Don't know if it means a trade is in the works or what, but they were visibly excited and taking notes; i went and sat behind them to spy off their radar guns and he sat at 94, with one fastball at 93, and the 3 offspeed pitches were 79, 81, and 83. K'd 2 guys looking silly and the the third grounded back to him IIRC.
Anyway it is so awesome to be here. I highly recommend it ;)
by SleepyCA on Mar 4, 2008 10:17 PM EST 0 recs
